What is Air Pollution, Methods, Types, Effects
What is Air Pollution?
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| What is Air Pollution, Methods, Types, Effects |
Air Pollution: It is the excessive concentration of unknown matter in the air, which affects the individual and also cause damage to the property.
Methods to Identify air pollution:
Basically there are three types of methods
- Sensory Recognition.
- Physical Measurement of pollution.
- Effects on plants, animals and buildings.
Sensory Recognition:-
This the first consciousness of an air pollution problem, which is through some effects on the individual.
- Strong odors
- Easing in visibility
- Irritation in Eyes
- Acid like taste in mouth
- Feel of gravels under the foot
Physical Measurement:
It is frequently not possible to trace or find the quantities of many air born toxic substances or the presence of the radioactive matter through the senses.
For their identification requires some physical requirement by standard methods of analysis and sampling.
Effects on Plants, Animals and Buildings:
The effects of the air pollution can be seen on the growth of the plants and health of the animals and similar it determines the effects on the buildings and this can be observed.
Sources & Classification of Air Pollutants:
The air pollutants are normally classified in to some groups according to the nature of sources.
- Natural Sources: Examples like Fog, Bacteria, Pollen grains, by-products of volcanic expulsion.
- Anthropogenic Sources: Heating process from industry, Manufacturing of chemical, pulp and paper industry products, petroleum products, agriculture products and other industrial waste products.
- Aerosols: Smoke, Dust, Fumes and Fog.
- Gases and vapors: like Sulphur compounds, Nitrogen compounds, Oxygen compounds, Organic compounds, Radioactive compounds, Halogen compounds.
Primary Pollutants:
The natural threat like Dust storms, volcanoes etc., or even from human activities like burning of wood, burning of plastic, burning of coal and burning of oils etc., these are called primary pollutants.
These primary pollutants will majorly occupy 90 percent of the global air pollution.
The main important primary air pollutants are as follows
- Finer particles (less than 10 microns in diameter)
- Coarser particles (greater than 10 microns in diameter)
- Sulphur compounds
- Oxides of nitrogen
- Organic compounds
- Radioactive compounds
- Carbon monoxides
- Compounds of Halogen
Secondary Pollutants:
The main important primary air pollutants are as follows
- Sulphur acid
- Ozone
- Formaldehydes
- Photochemical Smog
- Proxy acetyl nitrate (PAN)
Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health:
Irritation in Eyes.
Throat and Nose Irritations.
Respiratory tract irritation.
Gases like, ammonia and other chemicals cause odour nuisance. even at low concentrations.
Effects like Chronic pulmonary diseases.
⇒ This Hydrogen fluoride causes diseases for the bones i.e. molting of the teeth's.
The main carcinogenic agents cause cancer to humans.
These dust particles cause respiratory diseases, like silicosis, asbestos etc., result from the specific dusts.
A variety of particulates like pollen grains.
Heavy metals like lead which may enter the body through the lungs and can cause poisoning.
Effects of Air Pollution on Animals:
The unfavorable health effects of air pollutants on farm animals occur, when these animals eat the grasses, plants and other vegetation, which has been polluted with the air pollutant.
The main important contaminates which effects the animals are as follows
- Fluorine
- Arsenic
- Lead
(i) Fluorine:
The main animals like sheep's and cattle's are the most vulnerable to fluorine.
The horse's are quite resistant to fluorine.
Some other farm animals are mostly are resistant to the fluorine.
Symptoms for fluorine on animals:
Rapid loss in weight of the animals
Periodic diarrhea
Lowered fertility
Reduce of milk production
Retardation in growth of the animals
(ii) Arsenic:
It mainly one of the impurity occurs in Ores and in coal bases.
Symptoms for fluorine on animals:
Uneasiness of the animals
Severe salivation
Respiration problems in animals
Death may occurs
Chronic arsenic poisoning
(ii) Lead:
This lead contamination will be take place due to the industrial sources such as coke ovens, and coal combustions processes.
Acute Lead Poisoning:
There is loss in appetitive
grinding of the teeth's
Animals may fall down suddenly
Pulse of animals will always fast
Chronic Lead Poisoning:
These majorly seen in horses, when riding near the mines and in other places if some sprays smelled by the horse then it will get some effects.
Paralysis and gets breathing problems and some other symptoms.
Conclusion:
These above we provided definition of Air Pollution, Methods of air pollution, Effects of Air pollution and Types of air Pollution etc.
